The U.S. Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise, which coordinates the nation’s medical countermeasures preparedness and response under the leadership of the Department of Health and Human Services, should establish an advisory committee of nonfederal partners to provide strategic guidance on topics such as supply chain and stockpiling considerations, private-sector partnerships for medical countermeasures development, and equitable allocation and distribution of limited resources, a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine study committee recommended.